Changes in the Arrangement of Cellulose Microfibrils during Cell Wall Regeneration in the Protoplast of the Giant-Celled Green Alga <i>Valonia utricularis</i> (Ulvophyceae)

Cell walls in the giant-celled green alga Valonia utricularis exhibit a “crossed-fibril” type of cell wall structure, wherein cellulose microfibrils (CMFs) are arranged uniform orientation each lamella. The CMF differs by 80° to 120° between neighboring lamellae. arrangement nascent CMFs deposited on regenerating protoplasts was investigated using an atomic force microscope for first time organisms possessing crossed-fibril-type walls. At 9 h after protoplast preparation, only random orientations were observed, then parallel appeared at 12 preparation. gradually increased until inner surface completely covered with 48 average size significantly smaller than that specimens